But the desired outcome (improved education) is difficult to measure and far more difficult to achieve. Now, in the information age, this kind of rigid training and adherence to protocol can actually decrease both productivity and efficiency. c. There is a higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones. 2.0 & 103.7171& 101.8365 &100.3638 &100& 99.4574 &98.2062\\ a. capitalist class. A. your university B. a mental hospital C. the U.S. Marines D. a convent. our ability to act given the structural rules and resources that impact our behaviors. According to labeling theory, deviance which occurs as a result of a negative social label is called: (a) primary deviance This problem has been solved! social groups consist of two or more people who interact regularly and share similar values and expectations. b. conflict theorists. a. composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia. C. Germany 10.0& 114.8775 &107.1062 &101.3711& 100& 97.9883& 93.4960\\ b. coalitions a. settlement houses. a. culture. C. cultural relativism. a. a. structural mobility. C. reverse socialization. Select one: As the name suggests, joining them is voluntary. D. social continuity, Social network users who try to increase their popularity online to compensate for inadequate popularity offline is referred to by which hypothesis? Due to funding gaps, difficult standards, and intense public and local government opposition, the law was largely seen as having limited impact and was eventually phased out. From schools to businesses to healthcare to government, these organizations, referred to as formal organizations, are highly bureaucratized. b. C. social enhancement b. censor. B. make spending money. In the 1990s, providers consolidated in what was called hospital merger mania. Local hospitals and even small doctors offices were merged or acquired by larger systems (Fuchs 1997). C. television Answer: D D. global perspective, Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Select one: (Credit: s_w_ellis/flickr), https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/6-3-formal-organizations, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Distinguish the types of formal organizations, Recognize the characteristics of bureaucracies, Identify the impact of the McDonaldization of society. a. a college student studying quietly in the library The authorities devise rules and schedule activities after consultation with the participants. interactionist perspective Socialization concerning not only masculinity and femininity but also marriage and parenthood begins in childhood as a part of family life. Being less integrated into society may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, suicide. Use all of the ratios you have learned so far. d. middle class. B. online social encounters d. It does not require the collection of new data. When a survey was conducted, .21 of the individuals surveyed had purchased Fresh, .41 of the individuals surveyed had recalled seeing the advertisement, and .13 of the individuals surveyed had purchased Fresh and recalled seeing the advertisement. A primary example, discussed extensively later on in this text, is education. A person convicted of a crimeeven when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into accountis more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is true of false ? a. receiving adequate resources, such as funding Select one: -poor neighborhoods are exposed to more environmental hazards C. a Girl Scout troop Symbolic interactionist Erving Goffman states that most coercive organizations are total institutions (1961). These criteria are illustrated by the following diagrams. B. processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. At the end of the year, prompted in part by concern about his income tax situation (corporations have to pay taxes as well as their employees) and partly by a$15,000 loan application at South Congress Bank for some new tools and shop expansion, John realizes that he needs to prepare financial statements. a system that puts categories of people into a hierarchy. c. The time spent tending to one's vegetable garden may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of overgrowth. He noted that some types will have all characteristics while others might have some or variations on them. D. social literacy, Which hypothesis states those who are popular offline further increase their popularity through online networking sites? The time spent reviewing for a test may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of getting a high score. b. clinical sociology. 19.0& 122.4925& 110.4205& 101.9649& 100& 97.1564 &90.9750\\ If you were a loan officer for the bank, would you approve Abels request for the loan? b. nonmaterial culture. There are several positive aspects of bureaucracies. Goffman explained that while all institutions "have encompassing tendencies," total institutions differ in that they are far more encompassing than others. true or false ? b. gaining acceptance into the unfamiliar group The Audubon Society and a ski club are examples of normative organizations. While he may not have been the first to use the term, his paper, "On the Characteristics of Total Institutions," which he delivered at a convention in 1957, is considered the foundational academic text on the subject. C. the process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D. the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of Southeast Asia. $TaxRate5%==TaxWithheldb. By the end of this section, you should be able to: A complaint of modern life is that society is dominated by large and impersonal secondary organizations. A. using American Sign Language B. watching the Super Bowl game C. eating in fast-food restaurants D. resocialization. b. communes. The firm uses the historical market interest rate to account for these bonds. Conflict perspective They are places cut off from a larger society. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written D. person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. d. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. B. social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys. c. hate crime Select one: C. developing a feeling about ourselves A. the combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. Todays workplace requires a faster pace, more problem solving, and a flexible approach to work. C. face-to-face interaction with co-workers Diffusion is the a. gatekeeping. d. It does not require the collection of new data. \$} & \times & 5 \% & = & \text { b. } The third type is utilitarian organizations, which, as the name suggests, are joined because of the need for a specific material reward. And there are times when rigid hierarchies are needed. Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses? Finally, bureaucracies are also characterized by impersonality, which takes personal feelings out of professional situations. Select one: Select one: Which of the following statements regarding parental monitoring of the digital world is true? Erving Goffman's. c. working class. c. the digital divide. \hline \text{Gross } & - & \text{Exemptions} & = & \text{Taxable } & \times & \text{Tax } & = & \text{Tax } \\ a. is more resistant to change than material culture. d. Wilbert Moore. a. the conferral of status. recognizing the complex interconnection between agency and social structure is often referred to as the psychological imagination. social roles help us predict how other people will behave. Validity refers to Definition and Examples, The Challenges of Ethical Living in a Consumer Society, Ph.D., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara, M.A., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara. The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A. culture. true or false ? C. Any activities within the institution are conducted in the company of others in the same circumstances. In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as c. collective homes. This represents an informal process of High school and the workplace fall into this categoryone joined in pursuit of a diploma, the other in order to make money. a. functionalists. For example, as an employee at Walmart, your shift manager assigns you tasks. d. secondary groups. Whenever you enter a store within that grocery chain, you receive the same type of goods, see the same store organization, and find the same brands at the same prices (predictability). c. changes at the same pace as material culture. A. functionalist perspective Document preview. Select one: Normative organizations, also called voluntary organizations, are based on shared interests. Too much adherence to explicit rules and a division of labor can leave an organization behind. This statement is an example of a(n) What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability? d. possibility of life on Mars. This approach is so common in chain stores that you might not even notice it; in fact, if you went to a large-chain resturant or a store like Walmart, seeing a worker or a process that didnt have these uniform characteristics would seem odd. which of the following is NOT true of social networks ? true or false ? Assuming he makes one yearly deposit of $1,000\$ 1,000$1,000 at 5%5 \%5% compounded annually, how much interest would he earn? Increases in asset, liability, and owners' equity accounts are recorded by debits. If the two womens funds earn the same returns in the future as in the past, how old will each be when she becomes a millionaire? B. celebrating your 18th birthday. Resocialization is a two-part process. B. socialization continues through all stages of the life cycle. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A. socialization. a. nonverbal communication. Mothers are more likely to monitor online activity than are fathers. c. comptroller. Are these schools, many of which have copious scholarship funds that are intended to make the school more democratic, really offering all applicants a fair shake? A. role divestment c. a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. An individual participates in personal therapy sessions for one year, and there are dramatic changes in the individual's personality during that period of time. Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. C. socialization is attributable solely to biological influences. Which of the following is considered an achieved status? Postal Service. This is an example of A. identify a career choice. according to Dennis Gilbert's model of class structure, fast-food workers fit into the working poor category. Sociobiology is the systematic study of the As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. Furthermore, working at a fast food restaurant is often disparaged, and even referred to dismissively, as having a McJob rather than a real job. d. status. IRS collects taxes on SSI benefits only if your total . The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent subordinate language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? (a) a family (c) the government (b) a corporation (d) a prison 10. Nonmaterial culture Select one: a. a casual acquaintance b. a clerk in a department store c. a parent While ostensibly based on meritocracy, bureaucracies can perpetuate the existing balance of power by only recognizing the merit in traditionally male and privileged paths. The McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer 1993) refers to the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions, including government, education, and even relationships. Select one: These assets have no estimated salvage value and you recommend that John use the straight-line method of depreciation.\. Military camps, prisons, and psychiatric hospitals are examples of a total institution because they have some particular perspective or goal but an emergency room is not considered a total institution. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/total-institution-3026718. This individual has undergone Michels (1911) suggested that all large organizations are characterized by the Iron Rule of Oligarchy, wherein an entire organization is ruled by a few elites. Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of However, her husband dies suddenly, and she finds that she must enter the paid labor force in order to support herself and her two children. Select one: a. a prison b. a monastery C. basic training for the military d. a university residence hall true or false ? D. positive socialization. Select one: Which of the following is an example of a total institution? because of digital technology, we now spend less time than ever engaging in regular face-to-face contact with members of our social groups and networks. So, what do you think? C. social enhancement c. Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton true or false ? and you must attribute OpenStax. C. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life. Some scholars would also say that criminal prisons are total institutions, as they exhibit some of the same processes found in the other types. B. resocialization. B. c. upward intergenerational mobility. B. resocialization the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities across society is called the structure of opportunity. Select one: d. There is a higher proportion of females on cell phones. B. Harry Harlow Would you? Of course, there are many well-documented examples of success by those who did not proceed through traditional meritocracies. Question 4 of 20 Which of the following are total institutions? B. b. A ship at sea is a total institution, as are religious convents, prisons, or some cult organizations. b. internal validity Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? b. accident. d. utopian communities. which of the following is a social role ? On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. 6.2K views, 312 likes, 9 loves, 45 comments, 11 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from TV3 Ghana: #TheSharksQuiz: Juaben SHS vs Ghana National College ||. doctors, lawyers, and accountants fit into which category in Dennis Gilbert's model of class structure ? Why or why not? This is an example of, Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of. Black. d. They prepare students for post-college careers. B) profitability of assets. a. The use of the discipline of sociology to yield practical applications for human behavior and organizations is known as 25 likes, 0 comments - The Guardian (@guardiannigeria) on Instagram: "Following the shutdown of tertiary institutions in compliance with Federal Government's directi." The Guardian on Instagram: "Following the shutdown of tertiary institutions in compliance with Federal Government's directive on the COVID-19 pandemic, private institutions . Which of the following statements pertaining to secondary data analysis is true? (Credit: Etzioni 1975), This McDonalds storefront in Egypt shows the McDonaldization of society. A. your thoughts and feelings about yourself are your: the values and norms of our larger social group, which we use to guide our own actions, are called the: which of the following is NOT a characteristic of total institutions ? b. correlation. Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? What type of activity is prohibited by Section 2 of the Sherman Act? b. manifest function. to have a lot of wealth, it is necessary to earn a high income. A total institution is one in which inmates or military soldiers live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization takes place. Starting in the 1990s and especially in the early 2000s with the No Child Left Behind law, national standards began to override local approaches. B. proved conclusively the importance of environmental factors in human development. Upon graduation from Texas State Technical College in Waco, Texas, your neighbor John Abel immediately accepted a position as an electricians assistant for a large electrical repair company in Austin, Texas. d. wording questions, Which of the following was identified as one of the initial challenges that a participant observer may face when conducting an ethnography? b. independent, rather than dependent, variables. A sports teamc. He received 10,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for this transfer. d. infraction. d. law. Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that a. a material culture. c. esteem. c. Interactionist perspective c. the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. Economics We recommend using a D. all of these. 1.0 & 101.9135& 100.9498& 100.1889& 100& 99.7177 &99.0637\\ A. early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization. D) solvency. 1. C. completion of formal schooling. Answer: A Think about technology companies with founders who dropped out of college, or performers who became famous after a YouTube video went viral. true or false ? c. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. The 6.9 million Americans who lived in prisons and penitentiaries at the end of 2012 are also members of this type of institution (U.S. Department of Justice 2012).
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